Rotator cuff injury. The rotator cuff are four muscles responsible for elevating and rotating the shoulder joint. Repetitive overhead and rotation movements can cause irritation and pain in these muscles. This type of injury is commonly seen in tennis, badminton, baseball and cricket players.

Long head of biceps injury. The biceps muscle have two heads with different attachments. The long head of biceps (LHB) attaches to the scapula in the anterior part of the shoulder. Repetitive overhead movements can cause irritation to this tissue. The LHB is often injured together with the rotator cuff. 

Shoulder labrum tear. Traumatic injuries during sports can cause dislocation of the shoulder joint, and labrum tear as a consequence of it. The labrum is a cartilage rim around the shoulder joint which helps to hold the humerus in the socket. Symptoms of labrum tear are a feeling of instability when elevating and laterally rotating the arm, and painful clicking at certain angles. If you have had more than one shoulder dislocation, surgery is often needed to repair the labrum in order to restore stability in the joint.

Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder). Frozen shoulder is characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. People can get frozen shoulder without known reason, or secondary to another shoulder injury which causes stiffness in the joint. Women and people with diabetes are more at risk of getting it. Frozen shoulder takes between 12 to 18 months for full recovery.